Using of versine and sagitta calculations for log sawing optimization, part 1: Circular cross-section

Log sawing can be defined as a problem with obtaining squares from a cylindrical shaped raw material, log. There are traditional sawing methods such as live, cant, quarter, etc. for sawmills. However, they cant generally obtain maximum yield due to log and lumber variables for each log. Therefore, many mathematical approaches and computer programs were improved for log sawing. In this study, suitability of two geometrical calculations, versine and sagitta, were tried for log sawing process. Logs were assumed having cylindrical shape and circular cross section. The estimation accuracy of calculations were tested for live and cant sawing methods with in a drawing software. The results showed that one of versine equations works almost as well as the real dimensions. It is suggested that the equation can be used inside of algorithms for log sawing optimization. However, the real log defects such as taper, irregular cross-section, curvature, etc. should be considered for more realistic yield and accuracy

Ispitivanje parametara površinske kvalitete toplinski prešanog drva paulovnije

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal compression process on some surface properties of paulownia solid wood materials. The widest surface of wood samples was mechanically compressed at high temperatures. The duration was 45 min. Four different process combinations were created, including two temperatures (150 °C and 170 °C) and two pressure levels (20 bar and 22.5 bar). The surface roughness, wettability and color properties of treated and untreated samples were compared. The roughness properties, both parallel and perpendicular to grain direction, were determined according to JIS B 0601:1994 standard. The contact angle changes of water dripped to the surface were measured according to time. For color properties, a spectrophotometer was used according to CIE L*a*b* system. The color changes were classified according to a grading method from literature. The most remarkable results on wettability were observed. The contact angle values significantly increased with this method. Although higher temperature increased the contact angle values, higher pressures did not change the values. When the surface roughness values were generally considered, this technique could decrease the values up to 40 % ratio according to the control group. Only the combination of 150 °C and 20 bar did not significantly change the values. Lastly, the results of color properties showed that all treatment parameters significantly affected total color change values of samples. Grading results were similar and the color change of modified samples graded as the lowest color difference, except with the combination of 150 °C and 20 bar. The combination of 170 °C and 22.5 bar (highest treatment conditions) significantly changed all color characteristics of samples, except b* parameter. The results of this research showed that mechanical thermal compression method could change surface properties of this fast-growing species.Cilj ovog rada bio je procijeniti učinak toplinskog prešanja na neka površinska svojstva drva paulovnije. Najveća površina uzoraka bila je prešana pri visokim temperaturama. Prešanje je trajalo 45 minuta. Primijenjene su četiri različite kombinacije uvjeta prešanja, uključujući dvije vrijednosti temperature (150 i 170 °C) i dva različita tlaka (20 i 22,5 bara). U eksperimentu su uspoređeni hrapavost površine, kvašenje i boja prešanih i neprešanih uzoraka. Hrapavost je mjerena paralelno i okomito na smjer vlakanaca prema normi JIS B 0601:1994. Mjerena je i promjena kontaktnog kuta vode na površini u vremenu. Boja je određivana spektrofotometrom prema sustavu CIE L*a*b*. Promjene boje klasificirane su primjenom klasifikacijske metode iz literature. Najveće su promjene primijećene među vrijednostima kvašenja. Vrijednosti kontaktnog kuta značajno su se povećale prešanjem. Iako je viša temperatura utjecala na povećanje vrijednosti kontaktnog kuta, veći tlakovi nisu promijenili vrijednosti kontaktnog kuta. Ako se općenito uzmu u obzir vrijednosti hrapavosti površine, upotrijebljena bi tehnika prešanja mogla smanjiti vrijednosti hrapavosti do 40 % s obzirom na kontrolne uzorke. Samo kombinacija od 150 °C i 20 bara nije znatnije promijenila ispitivane vrijednosti. Glede boje, rezultati su pokazali da su svi parametri prešanja bitno utjecali na ukupne vrijednosti promjene boje uzoraka. Rezultati ocjenjivanja boje bili su slični, a promjene boje prešanih uzoraka ocijenjene su kao najmanje, osim za kombinaciju 150 °C i 20 bara. Pogotovo je kombinacija 170 °C i 22,5 bara (najviši parametri prešanja) značajno promijenila sve parametre boje uzoraka, osim parametra b*. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da bi metoda toplinskog prešanja mogla promijeniti površinska svojstva drva ove brzorastuće vrste

Approaches on primary log breakdown process

Aim of study: Innovations of "primary breakdown process" which is the first step of log sawing process were evaluated with their reasons and results

Comparison Of Acoustic-Based Nondestructive Test Methods For Assessing The Bending Properties Of Lumbers

In this study, efficient of two acoustic-based non-destructive test methods were compared for determining of elastic properties on wooden structural beams. For this purpose, stress wave and longitudinal vibration non-destructive test methods and modulus of elasticity and bending strength destructive test methods were performed on 53 Black Pine (Pinus nigra var. pallasiana Arnold.) structural lumbers. Statistically compared results showed that; longitudinal vibration method was better than stress wave method for determining the modulus of elasticity. For determining the bending strength, it is suggested that. defects should be considered for better prediction (This paper was presented in IMSTEC 2016 International Material Science and Technology in Cappadocia Conference which was held on April 6-8, 2016)

SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WETTABILITY PERFORMANCE OF THERMALLY MODIFIED ROWAN WOOD AS A FAST-GROWING SPECIES

This study aims to examine the effect of the thermal modification process on the surface roughness properties of the wood of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) as a fast-growing species. Four thermal modification processes were applied, with temperatures of 160 and 180 degrees C and durations of 2 and 4 hours. In total five groups were compared, including the untreated group. Arithmetical mean roughness, maximum height, ten-spot average roughness, and root-mean-square deviation were measured using a stylus-type profilometer, both parallel and perpendicular to the grain, according to the JIS B 0601 standard. Wettability was determined by measuring the contact angle of a droplet of distilled water. After dripping, the camera captured several images to measure the contact angle. The results showed that thermal modification decreases the wettability of the samples. Moreover, increments in temperature and duration may further decrease wettability. On the other hand, there are no significant differences between groups in terms of the surface roughness values, measured both parallel and perpendicular to the grain, except for two groups. It is concluded that these process conditions did not substantially change the surface roughness properties of rowan wood panels. However; the decrease in wettability may provide new possibilities for the use of less-known wood species.WOS:0007182066000022-s2.0-8511895436

Optimizing Lumber Drying Schedules For Oriental Beech and Sessile Oak Using Acoustic Emission

The aim of this work was to detect sounds providing evidence of the creation of drying defects and to correlate such data with drying quality. A further goal was to establish sound wave thresholds of ideal drying through the drying process by using an acoustic emission (AE) monitoring method. Thus, it is projected to decrease long drying times and also drying costs by reaching to ideal drying schedules. In this study, commercially preferred sessile oak and oriental beech structural lumbers were dried with three different schedules in a conventional kiln. The lumbers were listened to with AE sensors while drying according to the first two schedules, which were called protective and severe, respectively. AE events of the drying experiments were compared with ambient conditions and drying classes according to the standard of European Drying Group. The third drying schedule was optimized based on the AE peaks and applied. The results showed that ideal drying times were reduced up to 19% relative to the protective drying schedule, while obtaining the same drying quality for both species.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [112-O-818]; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)This research was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Project Number: 112-O-818). The authors especially thank to TUBITAK for their financial support. This paper is an extension (with major changes) of the study presented in IUFRO Wood Drying Conference - Istanbul at September 2017.WOS:0005557920000472-s2.0-8508846090